Atopic eczema, defined as a hereditary tendency to be hypersensitive to certain allergens, can affect anyone from the age of three months, and is most common in children. It often starts on the face and spreads to the wrists, the insides of the elbows and the backs of the knees. At it's worst it may cover the whole body.

Other forms of eczema include varicose, or stasis, eczema, which develops in places where there are varicose veins. It is usually caused by poor circulations, it can also be inherited. Nummular eczema usually affects adults and looks a bit like ringworm, with circular, itchy scaling patches. No one knows what causes it.

Eczema causes itching and a red rash. The small blisters exude a watery fluid and the skin becomes crusty and flakes. It may feel hot, itchy and bubbling. If you scratch a patch of eczema, the skin becomes thick and leathery. But it does not scar and once the eczema clears up, it will look as good as new, though it will need to be kept well moisturized.

A metal watch strap can produce an allergic skin reaction. This condition is called contact dermatitis and may be accompanied by asthma or hay fever. What about the skin? The main layers of the skin are the epidermis and the dermis. The fatty inner subcutaneous tissue lies below the dermis. The dermis contains blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands and sebaceous glands that lubricate the hair and outer surface of the skin. Exercise can trigger an asthma attack. But you have to find a balance between being protective and allowing your child to participate in normal, enjoyable activities.

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